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We classify graded Hopf algebras structures over path coalgebras, that is over free pointed coalgebras, using Hopf quivers which are analogous to Cayley graphs. The description involves formulas for the product besides the canonical formulas for the coproduct. This makes explicit the quantum shuffle product making use of natural elements in a Hopf bimodule having a simple "geometrical" interpretation in the quiver sense, rather than working systematically with right or left coinvariants.

When particles interact via two-body short-range central potential wells, binding can occur for some critical values of the coupling constants. Using the envelope theory, upper bounds for critical coupling constants are computed for quantum nonrelativistic systems containing identical particles and systems containing identical particles plus a different one.

Given a finite--dimensional monomial algebra $A$ we consider the trivial extension $TA$ and provide formulae, depending on the characteristic of the field, for the dimensions of the summands $HH_1(A)$ and $\Alt(DA)$ of the first Hochschild cohomology group $HH^1(TA)$. From these a formula for the dimension of $HH^1(TA)$ can be derived.